CELLULAR RESPIRATION TABLE - trunking

Cellular Respiration Table: An Overview

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. It is the primary energy source for most living organisms, enabling them to perform essential functions. A cellular respiration table summarizes the key steps, locations, reactants, and products of this vital process.

Stages of Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and the electron transport chain (ETC). Each stage takes place in a specific cellular location and involves a series of chemical reactions.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. It involves the breakdown of glucose (a six-carbon sugar) into two molecules of pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule). This process generates a small amount of ATP and NADH, an electron carrier.

• Location: Cytoplasm
• Reactants: Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+
• Products: 2 Pyruvate, 4 ATP (net 2 ATP), 2 NADH

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix (in eukaryotes). Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl-CoA, which enters the cycle. The cycle involves a series of reactions that oxidize acetyl-CoA, releasing carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2 (another electron carrier).

• Location: Mitochondrial Matrix
• Reactants: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 2 Oxaloacetate, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, 2 ADP
• Products: 4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation

The electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the ETC, which passes them along a series of protein complexes. This process generates a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is then used to drive the synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. cellular respiration overview pogil

• Location: Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
• Reactants: NADH, FADH2, O2, ADP
• Products: H2O, NAD+, FAD, ~32-34 ATP

Overall Cellular Respiration Equation

The overall equation for cellular respiration is:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~36-38 ATP

For more in depth information, refer to cellular respiration reading comprehension pdforg/wiki/Cellular_respiration" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia's page on cellular respiration.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

The main purpose is to convert the energy stored in glucose into ATP, which cells can use for various functions like muscle contraction, protein synthesis, and active transport.

Where does glycolysis take place?

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. It's crucial for the efficient production of ATP.

How many ATP molecules are produced during cellular respiration? celpip reading practice

Approximately 36-38 ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose, although the precise number can vary depending on cellular conditions.

What are the products of the Krebs cycle?

The Krebs cycle produces carbon dioxide (CO2), NADH, FADH2, and a small amount of ATP.

Summary

Cellular respiration is a complex process involving glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Each stage plays a critical role in breaking down glucose and generating ATP, the cell's primary energy currency. Understanding the cellular respiration table helps to visualize and comprehend the reactants, products, and locations of each stage in this essential metabolic pathway.